침울하다 Korean adjective conjugation
to be gloomy
Every form of 침울하다 across the four speech levels. It is 여 irregular — 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요.
기본형Principal parts
The four forms the dictionary prints. Every other form on this page is derived from them.
- 관형사형Modifier
- 침울한
- 아/어Infinitive
- 침울해
- -으니Since
- 침울하니
- 합니다Formal
- 침울합니다
현재Present
The tense that does the most work. 해요체 is the one to learn first — it is polite without being formal, and it is what most conversation is in.
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 침울해요 | 침울합니다 | 침울해 | 침울하다 |
과거Past
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 침울했어요 | 침울했습니다 | 침울했어 | 침울했다 |
미래·추측Future & presumptive
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -겠-Will / must be | 침울하겠어요 | 침울하겠습니다 | 침울하겠어 | 침울하겠다 |
| -을 것이다Going to | 침울할 거예요 | 침울할 것입니다 | 침울할 거야 | 침울할 것이다 |
의문Questions
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 침울해요? | 침울합니까? | 침울해? | 침울하니? |
| 과거Past | 침울했어요? | 침울했습니까? | 침울했어? | 침울했니? |
부정Negation
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 안Not (short) | 안 침울해요 | 안 침울합니다 | 안 침울해 | 안 침울하다 |
| -지 않다Not (long) | 침울하지 않아요 | 침울하지 않습니다 | 침울하지 않아 | 침울하지 않다 |
높임Honorific
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 침울하세요 | 침울하십니다 | 침울하셔 | 침울하시다 |
| 과거Past | 침울하셨어요 | 침울하셨습니다 | 침울하셨어 | 침울하셨다 |
관형사형Modifying a noun
- 현재Present
- 침울한
- 과거Past
- 침울한
- 미래Future
- 침울할
- 회상Used to
- 침울하던
연결Joining clauses
- -고and
- 침울하고
- -게-ly / so that
- 침울하게
- -어서so / and then
- 침울해서
- -으니까since
- 침울하니까
- -으면if / when
- 침울하면
- -지만but
- 침울하지만
- -는데and / but (setting up)
- 침울한데
- -어도even if
- 침울해도
문형Sentence patterns
How the dictionary says this verb is used. The numbers are slots: 1 is the subject, 2 the object.
- 1이 침울하다
예문In real sentences
From the dictionary, each with its translation.
어제의 행복은 간데없이 침울해 있었다.
He was morose, with no trace of yesterday's happiness.
기분이 침울하고 두서가 없더군
He was depressed, he was incoherent.
블로거들이 우리를 침울하게 만든다는 거죠
They said, "The blogsters let us down."
난 섹시하고, 음탕한 내용을 기대했는데, 반대로 침울해져 가고 있어
I was hoping for sexy, salacious details, and instead I got taken on a trip down depression Lane.
자주 묻는 질문Common questions
How do you conjugate 침울하다 in Korean?
침울하다 (to be gloomy) is 침울해요 in the polite 해요체, 침울합니다 in formal 합니다체, 침울해 in casual 반말 and 침울하다 in the plain written style. The past is 침울했어요.
What is the past tense of 침울하다?
침울했어요 in everyday polite speech, 침울했습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 침울하여 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.
Is 침울하다 irregular?
Yes — it is 여 irregular (여 불규칙). 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요. That is why the stem looks different in 침울하여 and 침울하니 but unchanged in 침울합니다.
What TOPIK level is 침울하다?
It carries no TOPIK grade. That is a fact about the published word lists rather than about the word — it conjugates by exactly the same rules as everything else.
Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.
Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.