으로써Korean particle · TOPIK 4
eurosseo
One particle with 4 distinct uses in the dictionary. Each is below with its own usage rule and examples.
형태Forms
Which one you use is decided by what comes in front of it — see the usage rule under each meaning below.
A postpositional particle that indicates the material or ingredients of an object.
어떤 물건의 재료나 원료를 나타내는 조사.
쓰임Usage
Attaches after nouns ending in a consonant other than ㄹ.
‘ㄹ’을 제외한 받침 있는 명사 뒤에 붙여 쓴다.
예문Examples
지수는 버리려던 폐품으로써 멋진 서랍장을 만들어 냈다.
Jisu made a beautiful chest of drawers out of items she had been about to throw away.
나는 흙으로써 이렇게 아름다운 도자기를 구워 낼 수 있다는 게 신기했다.
I was amazed that I could fire such a beautiful ceramic piece from clay.
대화In conversation
약속 못 지켜서 정말 미안해.
I'm so sorry I couldn't keep my promise.
됐어. 난 이제 네 말이라면 콩으로써 메주를 쑨다고 해도 안 믿을 거야.
Forget it. From now on, I wouldn't believe you even if you said you could make meju out of soybeans.
A postpositional particle that indicates a tool, method, or way used to do something.
어떤 일을 하는 데 쓰이는 도구나 수단, 방법을 나타내는 조사.
쓰임Usage
Attaches after nouns ending in a consonant other than ㄹ.
‘ㄹ’을 제외한 받침 있는 명사 뒤에 붙여 쓴다.
예문Examples
그녀는 뛰어난 노래 실력으로써 세계를 놀라게 했다.
She amazed the world with her outstanding singing ability.
제가 선생님께 받은 은혜를 무엇으로써 갚을 수 있겠습니까?
How can I ever repay the kindness I've received from my teacher?
애국선열들은 자신의 희생으로써 자신의 가족들과 국가를 지켜 냈다.
The patriotic martyrs protected their families and nation through their own sacrifice.
대화In conversation
갑자기 봉사 활동을 간다고?
You're suddenly going on a volunteer trip?
네. 늘 돈으로써 후원을 해도 직접 몸으로 봉사하지는 못했던 점이 항상 아쉬웠거든요.
Yes. I've always supported things with money, but I've regretted never volunteering in person.
A postpositional particle used to indicate everything that has been said or done until the point of the preceding statement is included.
앞말이 나타내는 것을 끝으로 이제까지 말한 내용이나 있었던 일을 포함하는 뜻을 나타내는 조사.
쓰임Usage
Attaches after nouns ending in a consonant other than ㄹ.
‘ㄹ’을 제외한 받침 있는 명사 뒤에 붙여 쓴다.
예문Examples
시험에 떨어진 것도 이번으로써 세 번째다.
This is the third time now that I've failed the exam.
내가 이 연구를 시작한 것도 금년으로써 칠 년이 되었다.
This year marks the seventh year since I started this research.
대화In conversation
오늘이 벌써 올림픽 폐막식이라니.
Can you believe today is already the closing ceremony of the Olympics?
그러게. 오늘 밤으로써 길었던 올림픽도 끝이구나.
I know. With tonight, our long Olympics comes to an end too.
A postpositional particle that indicates the preceding statement is the cause of the following statement.
앞에 오는 말이 뒤에 오는 말의 이유가 됨을 나타내는 조사.
쓰임Usage
‘-ㅁ으로써’로 쓴다.
예문Examples
오늘은 가족이 함께 있음으로써 행복한 하루였다.
Today was a happy day because the whole family was together.
내일은 태풍이 정확히 한반도를 지나감으로써 폭우가 쏟아지고 강풍이 불겠습니다.
Tomorrow, since the typhoon will pass directly over the Korean Peninsula, heavy rain and strong winds are expected.
대화In conversation
기계가 고장이 났으니 환불해 주세요.
The machine is broken, so please give me a refund.
죄송합니다만, 저희는 사용자가 주의 사항을 지키지 않음으로써 발생하는 피해에 대해서는 책임을 지지 않습니다.
I'm sorry, but we are not responsible for damages caused by the user not following the precautions.
관련 문법Related grammar
Other particles you will meet alongside this one.
자주 묻는 질문Common questions
What does 으로써 mean in Korean?
으로써 is a particle introduced at 4급 (TOPIK 4). A postpositional particle that indicates the material or ingredients of an object. It has 4 distinct senses, all listed on this page.
When do you use 으로써?
Attaches after nouns ending in a consonant other than ㄹ. The other shape is 로써 — same point, different environment.
What is the difference between 으로써 and 로써?
None in meaning — they are two shapes of the same particle, and which one appears is decided by the sound in front of it, not by what you want to say.
What TOPIK level is 으로써?
4급 — TOPIK 4, upper intermediate. It is one of 67 grammar points at that level.
Definition, usage note, examples and dialogue from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.