복잡하다 Korean adjective conjugation
to be complicated
Every form of 복잡하다 across the four speech levels. It is 여 irregular — 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요.
기본형Principal parts
The four forms the dictionary prints. Every other form on this page is derived from them.
- 관형사형Modifier
- 복잡한
- 아/어Infinitive
- 복잡해
- -으니Since
- 복잡하니
- 합니다Formal
- 복잡합니다
현재Present
The tense that does the most work. 해요체 is the one to learn first — it is polite without being formal, and it is what most conversation is in.
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 복잡해요 | 복잡합니다 | 복잡해 | 복잡하다 |
과거Past
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 복잡했어요 | 복잡했습니다 | 복잡했어 | 복잡했다 |
미래·추측Future & presumptive
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -겠-Will / must be | 복잡하겠어요 | 복잡하겠습니다 | 복잡하겠어 | 복잡하겠다 |
| -을 것이다Going to | 복잡할 거예요 | 복잡할 것입니다 | 복잡할 거야 | 복잡할 것이다 |
의문Questions
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 복잡해요? | 복잡합니까? | 복잡해? | 복잡하니? |
| 과거Past | 복잡했어요? | 복잡했습니까? | 복잡했어? | 복잡했니? |
부정Negation
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 안Not (short) | 안 복잡해요 | 안 복잡합니다 | 안 복잡해 | 안 복잡하다 |
| -지 않다Not (long) | 복잡하지 않아요 | 복잡하지 않습니다 | 복잡하지 않아 | 복잡하지 않다 |
높임Honorific
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 복잡하세요 | 복잡하십니다 | 복잡하셔 | 복잡하시다 |
| 과거Past | 복잡하셨어요 | 복잡하셨습니다 | 복잡하셨어 | 복잡하셨다 |
관형사형Modifying a noun
- 현재Present
- 복잡한
- 과거Past
- 복잡한
- 미래Future
- 복잡할
- 회상Used to
- 복잡하던
연결Joining clauses
- -고and
- 복잡하고
- -게-ly / so that
- 복잡하게
- -어서so / and then
- 복잡해서
- -으니까since
- 복잡하니까
- -으면if / when
- 복잡하면
- -지만but
- 복잡하지만
- -는데and / but (setting up)
- 복잡한데
- -어도even if
- 복잡해도
문형Sentence patterns
How the dictionary says this verb is used. The numbers are slots: 1 is the subject, 2 the object.
- 1이 복잡하다
- 1에 2가 복잡하다
예문In real sentences
From the dictionary, each with its translation.
복잡한 일이 일어났을 때 그것을 어떻게 받아들이나요?
How do you recognize a complication when it happens?
그래서 이것이 복잡하게 만드는 요소입니다.
And that's just one of many complicating factors.
더 복잡한 일이에요
It's more complicated than that.
그렇긴 했지만 한 개도 아닌 두 개의 선거를 설명하는 것은 더 복잡한 일이었습니다.
It was, but on the other hand, explaining two elections instead of one was even more complicated.
자주 묻는 질문Common questions
How do you conjugate 복잡하다 in Korean?
복잡하다 (to be complicated) is 복잡해요 in the polite 해요체, 복잡합니다 in formal 합니다체, 복잡해 in casual 반말 and 복잡하다 in the plain written style. The past is 복잡했어요.
What is the past tense of 복잡하다?
복잡했어요 in everyday polite speech, 복잡했습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 복잡하여 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.
Is 복잡하다 irregular?
Yes — it is 여 irregular (여 불규칙). 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요. That is why the stem looks different in 복잡하여 and 복잡하니 but unchanged in 복잡합니다.
What TOPIK level is 복잡하다?
2급 — TOPIK 2, elementary.
Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.
Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.