어렵다

to be difficult

Principal parts

관형사형Modifier
어려운
아/어Infinitive
어려워
-으니Since
어려우니
합니다Formal
어렵습니다

Present

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
서술Statement 어려워요어렵습니다어려워어렵다

Past

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
서술Statement 어려웠어요어려웠습니다어려웠어어려웠다

Future & presumptive

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
-겠-Will / must be 어렵겠어요어렵겠습니다어렵겠어어렵겠다
-을 것이다Going to 어려울 거예요어려울 것입니다어려울 거야어려울 것이다

Questions

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Present 어려워요?어렵습니까?어려워?어려우니?
과거Past 어려웠어요?어려웠습니까?어려웠어?어려웠니?

Negation

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
안Not (short) 안 어려워요안 어렵습니다안 어려워안 어렵다
-지 않다Not (long) 어렵지 않아요어렵지 않습니다어렵지 않아어렵지 않다

Honorific

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Present 어려우세요어려우십니다어려우셔어려우시다
과거Past 어려우셨어요어려우셨습니다어려우셨어어려우셨다

Modifying a noun

현재Present
어려운
과거Past
어려운
미래Future
어려울
회상Used to
어렵던

Joining clauses

-고and
어렵고
-게-ly / so that
어렵게
-어서so / and then
어려워서
-으니까since
어려우니까
-으면if / when
어려우면
-지만but
어렵지만
-는데and / but (setting up)
어려운데
-어도even if
어려워도

Sentence patterns

In real sentences

어려울 것 같진 않았지만

It seemed simple enough.

그런데 이 것 보다 더 어려운 것이 있습니다.

But that wasn't even the hardest part.

그건 생각보다 안 어려워.

It's not as difficult as you think.

보기보다 어렵지는 않을 거야.

Maybe it's not as hard as it looks.

Common questions

How do you conjugate 어렵다 in Korean?

어렵다 (to be difficult) is 어려워요 in the polite 해요체, 어렵습니다 in formal 합니다체, 어려워 in casual 반말 and 어렵다 in the plain written style. The past is 어려웠어요.

What is the past tense of 어렵다?

어려웠어요 in everyday polite speech, 어려웠습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 어려워 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.

Is 어렵다 irregular?

Yes — it is ㅂ irregular (ㅂ 불규칙). ㅂ becomes 우 before a vowel: 춥다 → 추워요. That is why the stem looks different in 어려워 and 어려우니 but unchanged in 어렵습니다.

What TOPIK level is 어렵다?

1급 — TOPIK 1, beginner.

Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.

Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.