거칠다
to be rough
Principal parts
- 관형사형Modifier
- 거친
- 아/어Infinitive
- 거칠어
- -으니Since
- 거치니
- 합니다Formal
- 거칩니다
Present
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 거칠어요 | 거칩니다 | 거칠어 | 거칠다 |
Past
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 거칠었어요 | 거칠었습니다 | 거칠었어 | 거칠었다 |
Future & presumptive
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -겠-Will / must be | 거칠겠어요 | 거칠겠습니다 | 거칠겠어 | 거칠겠다 |
| -을 것이다Going to | 거칠 거예요 | 거칠 것입니다 | 거칠 거야 | 거칠 것이다 |
Questions
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 거칠어요? | 거칩니까? | 거칠어? | 거치니? |
| 과거Past | 거칠었어요? | 거칠었습니까? | 거칠었어? | 거칠었니? |
Negation
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 안Not (short) | 안 거칠어요 | 안 거칩니다 | 안 거칠어 | 안 거칠다 |
| -지 않다Not (long) | 거칠지 않아요 | 거칠지 않습니다 | 거칠지 않아 | 거칠지 않다 |
Honorific
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 거치세요 | 거치십니다 | 거치셔 | 거치시다 |
| 과거Past | 거치셨어요 | 거치셨습니다 | 거치셨어 | 거치셨다 |
Modifying a noun
- 현재Present
- 거친
- 과거Past
- 거친
- 미래Future
- 거칠
- 회상Used to
- 거칠던
Joining clauses
- -고and
- 거칠고
- -게-ly / so that
- 거칠게
- -어서so / and then
- 거칠어서
- -으니까since
- 거치니까
- -으면if / when
- 거칠면
- -지만but
- 거칠지만
- -는데and / but (setting up)
- 거친데
- -어도even if
- 거칠어도
Sentence patterns
- 1이 거칠다
In real sentences
그런데 이 거친 면이
But this roughness causes a problem.
그들은 모두 꽤 거칠었어요.
The men were all pretty tough.
질문들은 거칠수록 더 어려워집니다.
The questions get harder as you go through.
맞아. 좀 거칠긴했어
Yeah, that was a little rough.
Common questions
How do you conjugate 거칠다 in Korean?
거칠다 (to be rough) is 거칠어요 in the polite 해요체, 거칩니다 in formal 합니다체, 거칠어 in casual 반말 and 거칠다 in the plain written style. The past is 거칠었어요.
What is the past tense of 거칠다?
거칠었어요 in everyday polite speech, 거칠었습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 거칠어 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.
Is 거칠다 irregular?
Yes — it is ㄹ dropping (ㄹ 탈락). ㄹ drops before ㄴ, ㅂ and ㅅ: 살다 → 삽니다. Regular, but universal. That is why the stem looks different in 거칠어 and 거치니 but unchanged in 거칩니다.
What TOPIK level is 거칠다?
4급 — TOPIK 4, upper intermediate.
Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.
Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.