혹독하다 Korean adjective conjugation
harsh
Every form of 혹독하다 across the four speech levels. It is 여 irregular — 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요.
기본형Principal parts
The four forms the dictionary prints. Every other form on this page is derived from them.
- 관형사형Modifier
- 혹독한
- 아/어Infinitive
- 혹독해
- -으니Since
- 혹독하니
- 합니다Formal
- 혹독합니다
현재Present
The tense that does the most work. 해요체 is the one to learn first — it is polite without being formal, and it is what most conversation is in.
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 혹독해요 | 혹독합니다 | 혹독해 | 혹독하다 |
과거Past
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 혹독했어요 | 혹독했습니다 | 혹독했어 | 혹독했다 |
미래·추측Future & presumptive
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -겠-Will / must be | 혹독하겠어요 | 혹독하겠습니다 | 혹독하겠어 | 혹독하겠다 |
| -을 것이다Going to | 혹독할 거예요 | 혹독할 것입니다 | 혹독할 거야 | 혹독할 것이다 |
의문Questions
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 혹독해요? | 혹독합니까? | 혹독해? | 혹독하니? |
| 과거Past | 혹독했어요? | 혹독했습니까? | 혹독했어? | 혹독했니? |
부정Negation
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 안Not (short) | 안 혹독해요 | 안 혹독합니다 | 안 혹독해 | 안 혹독하다 |
| -지 않다Not (long) | 혹독하지 않아요 | 혹독하지 않습니다 | 혹독하지 않아 | 혹독하지 않다 |
높임Honorific
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 혹독하세요 | 혹독하십니다 | 혹독하셔 | 혹독하시다 |
| 과거Past | 혹독하셨어요 | 혹독하셨습니다 | 혹독하셨어 | 혹독하셨다 |
관형사형Modifying a noun
- 현재Present
- 혹독한
- 과거Past
- 혹독한
- 미래Future
- 혹독할
- 회상Used to
- 혹독하던
연결Joining clauses
- -고and
- 혹독하고
- -게-ly / so that
- 혹독하게
- -어서so / and then
- 혹독해서
- -으니까since
- 혹독하니까
- -으면if / when
- 혹독하면
- -지만but
- 혹독하지만
- -는데and / but (setting up)
- 혹독한데
- -어도even if
- 혹독해도
문형Sentence patterns
How the dictionary says this verb is used. The numbers are slots: 1 is the subject, 2 the object.
- 1이 혹독하다
예문In real sentences
From the dictionary, each with its translation.
우주에서뿐만 아니라 지구만의 혹독한 환경에 있어 이 점은 아주 중요합니다.
And this is quite important for the difficult and unique environments on the Earth as well as in space.
대다수의 아이들은 이런 혹독함을 견뎌내지 못하죠.
And most kids simply can't endure such rigors.
게다가 1692년에는 역사상 가장 혹독한 겨울이 찾아왔죠.
To make matters worse, 1692 brought one of the coldest winters on record.
상황은 혹독합니다.
The conditions are brutal.
자주 묻는 질문Common questions
How do you conjugate 혹독하다 in Korean?
혹독하다 (harsh) is 혹독해요 in the polite 해요체, 혹독합니다 in formal 합니다체, 혹독해 in casual 반말 and 혹독하다 in the plain written style. The past is 혹독했어요.
What is the past tense of 혹독하다?
혹독했어요 in everyday polite speech, 혹독했습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 혹독하여 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.
Is 혹독하다 irregular?
Yes — it is 여 irregular (여 불규칙). 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요. That is why the stem looks different in 혹독하여 and 혹독하니 but unchanged in 혹독합니다.
What TOPIK level is 혹독하다?
It carries no TOPIK grade. That is a fact about the published word lists rather than about the word — it conjugates by exactly the same rules as everything else.
Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.
Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.