자다 Korean verb conjugation

to sleep

TOPIK 1 1급verb 동사regular 규칙Dictionary entry 단어

Every form of 자다 across the four speech levels. It is a regular stem, so the endings below attach without changing it.

기본형Principal parts

The four forms the dictionary prints. Every other form on this page is derived from them.

관형사형Modifier
자는
아/어Infinitive
-으니Since
자니
합니다Formal
잡니다

현재Present

The tense that does the most work. 해요체 is the one to learn first — it is polite without being formal, and it is what most conversation is in.

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
서술Statement 자요잡니다잔다

과거Past

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
서술Statement 잤어요잤습니다잤어잤다

미래·추측Future & presumptive

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
-겠-Will / must be 자겠어요자겠습니다자겠어자겠다
-을 것이다Going to 잘 거예요잘 것입니다잘 거야잘 것이다

의문Questions

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Present 자요?잡니까?자?자니?
과거Past 잤어요?잤습니까?잤어?잤니?

명령Commands

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
명령Do it 자세요자십시오자라
청유Let's 자요잡시다자자

부정Negation

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
Not (short) 안 자요안 잡니다안 자안 잔다
-지 않다Not (long) 자지 않아요자지 않습니다자지 않아자지 않는다
Cannot 못 자요못 잡니다못 자못 잔다

높임Honorific

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Present 자세요자십니다자셔자신다
과거Past 자셨어요자셨습니다자셨어자셨다

관형사형Modifying a noun

현재Present
자는
과거Past
미래Future
회상Used to
자던

연결Joining clauses

-고and
자고
-게-ly / so that
자게
-어서so / and then
자서
-으니까since
자니까
-으면if / when
자면
-지만but
자지만
-는데and / but (setting up)
자는데
-어도even if
자도

진행In progress

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Is doing 자고 있어요자고 있습니다자고 있어자고 있다
과거Was doing 자고 있었어요자고 있었습니다자고 있었어자고 있었다

문형Sentence patterns

How the dictionary says this verb is used. The numbers are slots: 1 is the subject, 2 the object.

예문In real sentences

From the dictionary, each with its translation.

바로 그게 손님들이 자고 갈 때의 느낌이죠.

That's how most guests feel when they stay in a home.

엄마 잘자.

Goodnight, Mother.

나 자러 가고 싶어.

I want to go to sleep.

나는 많이 자지 않아요.

I don't sleep a lot.

자주 묻는 질문Common questions

How do you conjugate 자다 in Korean?

자다 (to sleep) is 자요 in the polite 해요체, 잡니다 in formal 합니다체, 자 in casual 반말 and 잔다 in the plain written style. The past is 잤어요.

What is the past tense of 자다?

잤어요 in everyday polite speech, 잤습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 자 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.

Is 자다 a regular verb?

Yes. Its stem never changes shape: 잡니다, 자, 자니 all keep 자 intact. Only the ending moves.

What TOPIK level is 자다?

1급 — TOPIK 1, beginner.

Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.

Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.