잔혹하다
cruel, brutal, vicious
Principal parts
- 관형사형Modifier
- 잔혹한
- 아/어Infinitive
- 잔혹해
- -으니Since
- 잔혹하니
- 합니다Formal
- 잔혹합니다
Present
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 잔혹해요 | 잔혹합니다 | 잔혹해 | 잔혹하다 |
Past
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 잔혹했어요 | 잔혹했습니다 | 잔혹했어 | 잔혹했다 |
Future & presumptive
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -겠-Will / must be | 잔혹하겠어요 | 잔혹하겠습니다 | 잔혹하겠어 | 잔혹하겠다 |
| -을 것이다Going to | 잔혹할 거예요 | 잔혹할 것입니다 | 잔혹할 거야 | 잔혹할 것이다 |
Questions
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 잔혹해요? | 잔혹합니까? | 잔혹해? | 잔혹하니? |
| 과거Past | 잔혹했어요? | 잔혹했습니까? | 잔혹했어? | 잔혹했니? |
Negation
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 안Not (short) | 안 잔혹해요 | 안 잔혹합니다 | 안 잔혹해 | 안 잔혹하다 |
| -지 않다Not (long) | 잔혹하지 않아요 | 잔혹하지 않습니다 | 잔혹하지 않아 | 잔혹하지 않다 |
Honorific
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 잔혹하세요 | 잔혹하십니다 | 잔혹하셔 | 잔혹하시다 |
| 과거Past | 잔혹하셨어요 | 잔혹하셨습니다 | 잔혹하셨어 | 잔혹하셨다 |
Modifying a noun
- 현재Present
- 잔혹한
- 과거Past
- 잔혹한
- 미래Future
- 잔혹할
- 회상Used to
- 잔혹하던
Joining clauses
- -고and
- 잔혹하고
- -게-ly / so that
- 잔혹하게
- -어서so / and then
- 잔혹해서
- -으니까since
- 잔혹하니까
- -으면if / when
- 잔혹하면
- -지만but
- 잔혹하지만
- -는데and / but (setting up)
- 잔혹한데
- -어도even if
- 잔혹해도
Sentence patterns
- 1이 잔혹하다
In real sentences
이런 폭력, 이런 잔혹함은 정말 우리 국민 정서의 일부입니다.
This violence, this brutality, is really something that's part of our national psyche.
잔혹하지만 실제로 벌어지는 행위입니다.
It sounds cruel, but it is the reality.
우주는 차갑고 잔혹하고 자비가 없습니다.
Space is cold, brutal and unforgiving.
ㅡ참 잔혹해 그렇지?
Brutal, isn't it?
Common questions
How do you conjugate 잔혹하다 in Korean?
잔혹하다 (cruel, brutal, vicious) is 잔혹해요 in the polite 해요체, 잔혹합니다 in formal 합니다체, 잔혹해 in casual 반말 and 잔혹하다 in the plain written style. The past is 잔혹했어요.
What is the past tense of 잔혹하다?
잔혹했어요 in everyday polite speech, 잔혹했습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 잔혹하여 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.
Is 잔혹하다 irregular?
Yes — it is 여 irregular (여 불규칙). 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요. That is why the stem looks different in 잔혹하여 and 잔혹하니 but unchanged in 잔혹합니다.
What TOPIK level is 잔혹하다?
It carries no TOPIK grade. That is a fact about the published word lists rather than about the word — it conjugates by exactly the same rules as everything else.
Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.
Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.