못하다

to be unable to do

Principal parts

관형사형Modifier
못하는
아/어Infinitive
못해
-으니Since
못하니
합니다Formal
못합니다

Present

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
서술Statement 못해요못합니다못해못한다

Past

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
서술Statement 못했어요못했습니다못했어못했다

Future & presumptive

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
-겠-Will / must be 못하겠어요못하겠습니다못하겠어못하겠다
-을 것이다Going to 못할 거예요못할 것입니다못할 거야못할 것이다

Questions

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Present 못해요?못합니까?못해?못하니?
과거Past 못했어요?못했습니까?못했어?못했니?

Commands

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
명령Do it 못하세요못하십시오못해못해라
청유Let's 못해요못합시다못해못하자

Negation

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
안Not (short) 안 못해요안 못합니다안 못해안 못한다
-지 않다Not (long) 못하지 않아요못하지 않습니다못하지 않아못하지 않는다
못Cannot 못 못해요못 못합니다못 못해못 못한다

Honorific

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Present 못하세요못하십니다못하셔못하신다
과거Past 못하셨어요못하셨습니다못하셨어못하셨다

Modifying a noun

현재Present
못하는
과거Past
못한
미래Future
못할
회상Used to
못하던

Joining clauses

-고and
못하고
-게-ly / so that
못하게
-어서so / and then
못해서
-으니까since
못하니까
-으면if / when
못하면
-지만but
못하지만
-는데and / but (setting up)
못하는데
-어도even if
못해도

In progress

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Is doing 못하고 있어요못하고 있습니다못하고 있어못하고 있다
과거Was doing 못하고 있었어요못하고 있었습니다못하고 있었어못하고 있었다

Sentence patterns

In real sentences

그렇지 못한 사람도 있습니다.

And some of them don't.

그가 살지 못할 것이란 걸 알았어요.

And he wasn't going to make it, and I knew that, and I was helpless.

저들이 우리한테 오지 못하면 우리가 저들한테 가야지

If they can't get to us, we gonna have to get to them.

저도 그렇지 못합니다.

And that's not me.

Common questions

How do you conjugate 못하다 in Korean?

못하다 (to be unable to do) is 못해요 in the polite 해요체, 못합니다 in formal 합니다체, 못해 in casual 반말 and 못한다 in the plain written style. The past is 못했어요.

What is the past tense of 못하다?

못했어요 in everyday polite speech, 못했습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 못하여 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.

Is 못하다 irregular?

Yes — it is 여 irregular (여 불규칙). 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요. That is why the stem looks different in 못하여 and 못하니 but unchanged in 못합니다.

What TOPIK level is 못하다?

1급 — TOPIK 1, beginner.

Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.

Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.