난해하다 Korean adjective conjugation
hard to understand
Every form of 난해하다 across the four speech levels. It is 여 irregular — 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요.
기본형Principal parts
The four forms the dictionary prints. Every other form on this page is derived from them.
- 관형사형Modifier
- 난해한
- 아/어Infinitive
- 난해해
- -으니Since
- 난해하니
- 합니다Formal
- 난해합니다
현재Present
The tense that does the most work. 해요체 is the one to learn first — it is polite without being formal, and it is what most conversation is in.
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 난해해요 | 난해합니다 | 난해해 | 난해하다 |
과거Past
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 난해했어요 | 난해했습니다 | 난해했어 | 난해했다 |
미래·추측Future & presumptive
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -겠-Will / must be | 난해하겠어요 | 난해하겠습니다 | 난해하겠어 | 난해하겠다 |
| -을 것이다Going to | 난해할 거예요 | 난해할 것입니다 | 난해할 거야 | 난해할 것이다 |
의문Questions
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 난해해요? | 난해합니까? | 난해해? | 난해하니? |
| 과거Past | 난해했어요? | 난해했습니까? | 난해했어? | 난해했니? |
부정Negation
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 안Not (short) | 안 난해해요 | 안 난해합니다 | 안 난해해 | 안 난해하다 |
| -지 않다Not (long) | 난해하지 않아요 | 난해하지 않습니다 | 난해하지 않아 | 난해하지 않다 |
높임Honorific
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 난해하세요 | 난해하십니다 | 난해하셔 | 난해하시다 |
| 과거Past | 난해하셨어요 | 난해하셨습니다 | 난해하셨어 | 난해하셨다 |
관형사형Modifying a noun
- 현재Present
- 난해한
- 과거Past
- 난해한
- 미래Future
- 난해할
- 회상Used to
- 난해하던
연결Joining clauses
- -고and
- 난해하고
- -게-ly / so that
- 난해하게
- -어서so / and then
- 난해해서
- -으니까since
- 난해하니까
- -으면if / when
- 난해하면
- -지만but
- 난해하지만
- -는데and / but (setting up)
- 난해한데
- -어도even if
- 난해해도
문형Sentence patterns
How the dictionary says this verb is used. The numbers are slots: 1 is the subject, 2 the object.
- 1이 난해하다
예문In real sentences
From the dictionary, each with its translation.
그게 바로 전쟁이란게 난해한 이유에요.
That's what's so complicated about war.
전 아이디어가 바닥났죠, 그래서 제 뮤즈인, 제 난해한 도라를 바라보았죠.
I was out of ideas, so I looked at my muse, my complex Dora.
마지막이지만 중요한 것은 체계의 언어가 믿기 힘들 정도로 난해합니다.
And last but not least, the language of the system — it's incredibly cryptic.
램지 이론은 난해하기로 유명한 몇몇 문제들의 출발점이기도 합니다.
Ramsey Theory is home to some famously difficult problems.
자주 묻는 질문Common questions
How do you conjugate 난해하다 in Korean?
난해하다 (hard to understand) is 난해해요 in the polite 해요체, 난해합니다 in formal 합니다체, 난해해 in casual 반말 and 난해하다 in the plain written style. The past is 난해했어요.
What is the past tense of 난해하다?
난해했어요 in everyday polite speech, 난해했습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 난해하여 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.
Is 난해하다 irregular?
Yes — it is 여 irregular (여 불규칙). 하다 and every verb built on it: 하다 → 하여 → 해요. That is why the stem looks different in 난해하여 and 난해하니 but unchanged in 난해합니다.
What TOPIK level is 난해하다?
It carries no TOPIK grade. That is a fact about the published word lists rather than about the word — it conjugates by exactly the same rules as everything else.
Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.
Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.