나쁘다 Korean adjective conjugation
to be bad
Every form of 나쁘다 across the four speech levels. It is 으 irregular — The stem 으 drops before a vowel ending: 쓰다 → 써요.
기본형Principal parts
The four forms the dictionary prints. Every other form on this page is derived from them.
- 관형사형Modifier
- 나쁜
- 아/어Infinitive
- 나빠
- -으니Since
- 나쁘니
- 합니다Formal
- 나쁩니다
현재Present
The tense that does the most work. 해요체 is the one to learn first — it is polite without being formal, and it is what most conversation is in.
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 나빠요 | 나쁩니다 | 나빠 | 나쁘다 |
과거Past
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 나빴어요 | 나빴습니다 | 나빴어 | 나빴다 |
미래·추측Future & presumptive
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -겠-Will / must be | 나쁘겠어요 | 나쁘겠습니다 | 나쁘겠어 | 나쁘겠다 |
| -을 것이다Going to | 나쁠 거예요 | 나쁠 것입니다 | 나쁠 거야 | 나쁠 것이다 |
의문Questions
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 나빠요? | 나쁩니까? | 나빠? | 나쁘니? |
| 과거Past | 나빴어요? | 나빴습니까? | 나빴어? | 나빴니? |
부정Negation
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 안Not (short) | 안 나빠요 | 안 나쁩니다 | 안 나빠 | 안 나쁘다 |
| -지 않다Not (long) | 나쁘지 않아요 | 나쁘지 않습니다 | 나쁘지 않아 | 나쁘지 않다 |
높임Honorific
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 나쁘세요 | 나쁘십니다 | 나쁘셔 | 나쁘시다 |
| 과거Past | 나쁘셨어요 | 나쁘셨습니다 | 나쁘셨어 | 나쁘셨다 |
관형사형Modifying a noun
- 현재Present
- 나쁜
- 과거Past
- 나쁜
- 미래Future
- 나쁠
- 회상Used to
- 나쁘던
연결Joining clauses
- -고and
- 나쁘고
- -게-ly / so that
- 나쁘게
- -어서so / and then
- 나빠서
- -으니까since
- 나쁘니까
- -으면if / when
- 나쁘면
- -지만but
- 나쁘지만
- -는데and / but (setting up)
- 나쁜데
- -어도even if
- 나빠도
문형Sentence patterns
How the dictionary says this verb is used. The numbers are slots: 1 is the subject, 2 the object.
- 1이 나쁘다
- 1이 2에 나쁘다
- 1이 2-기에 나쁘다
예문In real sentences
From the dictionary, each with its translation.
이 나라는 살기 나쁜 나라다.
This country is a bad country to live in.
그녀는 기분이 나빠 보인다.
She looks unhappy.
이보다 더 나쁠 수는 없었어.
It couldn't have been worse.
상황은 우리가 생각했던 것보다 나쁘다.
The situation is worse than we believed.
자주 묻는 질문Common questions
How do you conjugate 나쁘다 in Korean?
나쁘다 (to be bad) is 나빠요 in the polite 해요체, 나쁩니다 in formal 합니다체, 나빠 in casual 반말 and 나쁘다 in the plain written style. The past is 나빴어요.
What is the past tense of 나쁘다?
나빴어요 in everyday polite speech, 나빴습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 나빠 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.
Is 나쁘다 irregular?
Yes — it is 으 irregular (으 불규칙). The stem 으 drops before a vowel ending: 쓰다 → 써요. That is why the stem looks different in 나빠 and 나쁘니 but unchanged in 나쁩니다.
What TOPIK level is 나쁘다?
1급 — TOPIK 1, beginner.
Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.
Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.