옹호하다 Korean verb conjugation
to defend
Every form of 옹호하다 across the four speech levels. It is a regular stem, so the endings below attach without changing it.
기본형Principal parts
The four forms the dictionary prints. Every other form on this page is derived from them.
- 관형사형Modifier
- 옹호하는
- 아/어Infinitive
- 옹호하
- -으니Since
- 옹호하니
- 합니다Formal
- 옹호합니다
현재Present
The tense that does the most work. 해요체 is the one to learn first — it is polite without being formal, and it is what most conversation is in.
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 옹호하요 | 옹호합니다 | 옹호하 | 옹호한다 |
과거Past
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 서술Statement | 옹호핬어요 | 옹호핬습니다 | 옹호핬어 | 옹호핬다 |
미래·추측Future & presumptive
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -겠-Will / must be | 옹호하겠어요 | 옹호하겠습니다 | 옹호하겠어 | 옹호하겠다 |
| -을 것이다Going to | 옹호할 거예요 | 옹호할 것입니다 | 옹호할 거야 | 옹호할 것이다 |
의문Questions
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 옹호하요? | 옹호합니까? | 옹호하? | 옹호하니? |
| 과거Past | 옹호핬어요? | 옹호핬습니까? | 옹호핬어? | 옹호핬니? |
명령Commands
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 명령Do it | 옹호하세요 | 옹호하십시오 | 옹호하 | 옹호하라 |
| 청유Let's | 옹호하요 | 옹호합시다 | 옹호하 | 옹호하자 |
부정Negation
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 안Not (short) | 안 옹호하요 | 안 옹호합니다 | 안 옹호하 | 안 옹호한다 |
| -지 않다Not (long) | 옹호하지 않아요 | 옹호하지 않습니다 | 옹호하지 않아 | 옹호하지 않는다 |
| 못Cannot | 못 옹호하요 | 못 옹호합니다 | 못 옹호하 | 못 옹호한다 |
높임Honorific
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Present | 옹호하세요 | 옹호하십니다 | 옹호하셔 | 옹호하신다 |
| 과거Past | 옹호하셨어요 | 옹호하셨습니다 | 옹호하셨어 | 옹호하셨다 |
관형사형Modifying a noun
- 현재Present
- 옹호하는
- 과거Past
- 옹호한
- 미래Future
- 옹호할
- 회상Used to
- 옹호하던
연결Joining clauses
- -고and
- 옹호하고
- -게-ly / so that
- 옹호하게
- -어서so / and then
- 옹호하서
- -으니까since
- 옹호하니까
- -으면if / when
- 옹호하면
- -지만but
- 옹호하지만
- -는데and / but (setting up)
- 옹호하는데
- -어도even if
- 옹호하도
진행In progress
| 해요체Polite | 합니다체Formal | 해체Casual | 한다체Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 현재Is doing | 옹호하고 있어요 | 옹호하고 있습니다 | 옹호하고 있어 | 옹호하고 있다 |
| 과거Was doing | 옹호하고 있었어요 | 옹호하고 있었습니다 | 옹호하고 있었어 | 옹호하고 있었다 |
문형Sentence patterns
How the dictionary says this verb is used. The numbers are slots: 1 is the subject, 2 the object.
- 1이 2를 옹호하다
예문In real sentences
From the dictionary, each with its translation.
몇몇은 폭력을 옹호하고 사용합니다.
Some use and advocate violence.
바레인 정부와 국왕을 옹호하는 목소리
Bahrain: Pro-Government, Pro-King Voices Emerge · Global Voices
민주주의를 옹호한다면 좋은 소식입니다.
It's good news if you care about democracy.
혹시 자유를 옹호한다면 좋은 소식이겠죠.
That's good news if you care about liberty.
자주 묻는 질문Common questions
How do you conjugate 옹호하다 in Korean?
옹호하다 (to defend) is 옹호하요 in the polite 해요체, 옹호합니다 in formal 합니다체, 옹호하 in casual 반말 and 옹호한다 in the plain written style. The past is 옹호핬어요.
What is the past tense of 옹호하다?
옹호핬어요 in everyday polite speech, 옹호핬습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 옹호하 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.
Is 옹호하다 a regular verb?
Yes. Its stem never changes shape: 옹호합니다, 옹호하, 옹호하니 all keep 옹호하 intact. Only the ending moves.
What TOPIK level is 옹호하다?
It carries no TOPIK grade. That is a fact about the published word lists rather than about the word — it conjugates by exactly the same rules as everything else.
Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.
Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.