옹호하다

to defend

Principal parts

관형사형Modifier
옹호하는
아/어Infinitive
옹호하
-으니Since
옹호하니
합니다Formal
옹호합니다

Present

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
서술Statement 옹호하요옹호합니다옹호하옹호한다

Past

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
서술Statement 옹호핬어요옹호핬습니다옹호핬어옹호핬다

Future & presumptive

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
-겠-Will / must be 옹호하겠어요옹호하겠습니다옹호하겠어옹호하겠다
-을 것이다Going to 옹호할 거예요옹호할 것입니다옹호할 거야옹호할 것이다

Questions

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Present 옹호하요?옹호합니까?옹호하?옹호하니?
과거Past 옹호핬어요?옹호핬습니까?옹호핬어?옹호핬니?

Commands

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
명령Do it 옹호하세요옹호하십시오옹호하옹호하라
청유Let's 옹호하요옹호합시다옹호하옹호하자

Negation

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
안Not (short) 안 옹호하요안 옹호합니다안 옹호하안 옹호한다
-지 않다Not (long) 옹호하지 않아요옹호하지 않습니다옹호하지 않아옹호하지 않는다
못Cannot 못 옹호하요못 옹호합니다못 옹호하못 옹호한다

Honorific

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Present 옹호하세요옹호하십니다옹호하셔옹호하신다
과거Past 옹호하셨어요옹호하셨습니다옹호하셨어옹호하셨다

Modifying a noun

현재Present
옹호하는
과거Past
옹호한
미래Future
옹호할
회상Used to
옹호하던

Joining clauses

-고and
옹호하고
-게-ly / so that
옹호하게
-어서so / and then
옹호하서
-으니까since
옹호하니까
-으면if / when
옹호하면
-지만but
옹호하지만
-는데and / but (setting up)
옹호하는데
-어도even if
옹호하도

In progress

해요체Polite합니다체Formal해체Casual한다체Plain
현재Is doing 옹호하고 있어요옹호하고 있습니다옹호하고 있어옹호하고 있다
과거Was doing 옹호하고 있었어요옹호하고 있었습니다옹호하고 있었어옹호하고 있었다

Sentence patterns

In real sentences

몇몇은 폭력을 옹호하고 사용합니다.

Some use and advocate violence.

바레인 정부와 국왕을 옹호하는 목소리

Bahrain: Pro-Government, Pro-King Voices Emerge · Global Voices

민주주의를 옹호한다면 좋은 소식입니다.

It's good news if you care about democracy.

혹시 자유를 옹호한다면 좋은 소식이겠죠.

That's good news if you care about liberty.

Common questions

How do you conjugate 옹호하다 in Korean?

옹호하다 (to defend) is 옹호하요 in the polite 해요체, 옹호합니다 in formal 합니다체, 옹호하 in casual 반말 and 옹호한다 in the plain written style. The past is 옹호핬어요.

What is the past tense of 옹호하다?

옹호핬어요 in everyday polite speech, 옹호핬습니다 formally. It is built from the 아/어 form 옹호하 plus ㅆ, which is why an irregular stem shows its irregularity here.

Is 옹호하다 a regular verb?

Yes. Its stem never changes shape: 옹호합니다, 옹호하, 옹호하니 all keep 옹호하 intact. Only the ending moves.

What TOPIK level is 옹호하다?

It carries no TOPIK grade. That is a fact about the published word lists rather than about the word — it conjugates by exactly the same rules as everything else.

Dictionary form, meaning, sentence patterns, examples and audio from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.

Conjugations are generated by this site's own engine and checked against the 9,380 forms the dictionary publishes on every build.