구개음화구개음화 — 같이 Is Said 가치
A ㄷ or ㅌ 받침 followed by 이 does not link forward as itself. It shifts to ㅈ or ㅊ on the way: 굳이 is 구지, 같이 is 가치, 해돋이 is 해도지. With 히 the same thing happens through the ㅎ — 굳히다 is 구치다.
The reason is mechanical: 이 is made with the tongue high and forward, ㄷ is made behind the teeth, and saying them in sequence drags the ㄷ forward to where the vowel already is.
- 단어Words that do this
- 47
- 소리 변화Times it fires
- 70
- 표준 발음법Standard
- 제17항
- 예측 가능Predictable
- Yes
규칙The rule
Three lines, and they are exceptionless.
| Written | Said | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ㄷ + 이 | → 지 | 굳이 → 구지 |
| ㅌ + 이 | → 치 | 같이 → 가치 |
| ㄷ + 히 | → 치 | 굳히다 → 구치다 |
적용 예Worked through
Every arrow is a rule, and every final form is the dictionary's own transcription.
주의할 점What is usually got wrong
It only happens across a boundary between a stem and an ending or a suffix. Inside a single morpheme it does not happen at all: 잔디 is 잔디 and 느티나무 is 느티나무, and no amount of ㄷ-before-이 will change them.
That restriction is the whole rule, and it is why this is the rarest of the eleven here — it needs a ㄷ or ㅌ 받침 and a following 이 and a morpheme boundary between them.
예시 단어Every word in the dictionary that does this
Commonest first. Each links to the word's own row, with its meaning, examples and audio.
All 47 words on this site that do this
- 같이 가치 together
- 끝이 끄치 end
- 밑이 미치 bottom, underneath
- 붙이다 부치다 to attach
- 밭이 바치 dry field
- 곁이 겨치 side, vicinity
- 덧붙이다 덛뿌치다 to attach, to add
- 굳이 구지 unnecessarily
- 똑같이 똑까치 equally
- 바깥이 바까치 outside
- 겉이 거치 surface, the outside
- 묻히다 무치다 to be buried
- 갇히다 가치다 to be confined
- 같이하다 가치하다 to do together
- 한결같이 한결가치 consistently, steadfastly
- 닫히다 다치다 to be closed, to be shut
- 이같이 이가치 like this, like so
- 햇볕이 해뼈치 sunshine, warmth from the sun
- 굳히다 구치다 to harden, to solidify
- 전기밥솥이 전ː기밥쏘치 electric rice cooker
- 손끝이 손끄치 fingertip
- 잔디밭이 잔디바치 lawn
- 말끝이 말ː끄치 the last part of one's speech
- 발끝이 발끄치 tiptoe
- 꽃밭이 꼳빠치 flower garden
- 논밭이 논바치 rice paddies and fields
- 밀어붙이다 미러부치다 to push ahead
- 코끝이 코끄치 tip of the nose
- 파묻히다 파무치다 to be buried/engrossed in sth
- 팥이 파치 the red bean or azuki bean, Vigna angularis
- 밥솥이 밥쏘치 rice cooker
- 풀밭이 풀바치 meadow, grass field
- 낱낱이 난ː나치 one by one, in detail
- 머리맡이 머리마치 bedside
- 솥이 소치 pot, cauldron
- 볕이 벼치 sunshine
- 걷히다 거치다 to clear up, to lift
- 몰아붙이다 모라부치다 to corner, to press hard
- 가마솥이 가마소치 cauldron
- 샅샅이 삳싸치 thoroughly, in every nook and corner, everywhere
- 머리끝이 머리끄치 top of one's head
- 곧이곧대로 고지곧때로 plainly, straightforwardly
- 보리밭이 보리바치 cornfield
- 쏜살같이 쏜살가치 swiftly, like an arrow
- 콩팥이 콩파치 kidney
- 맏이 마지 firstborn
- 해돋이 해도지 sunrise
다른 규칙The other rules
자주 묻는 질문Common questions
Why is 같이 pronounced 가치?
The ㅌ 받침 of 같 is followed by the suffix 이, and a ㅌ before 이 across a boundary shifts to ㅊ. So 같이 is 가치 — which is also why it is romanised gachi rather than gat-i.
Why doesn't 잔디 become 잔지?
Because 잔디 is one morpheme. Palatalisation needs a boundary — a stem meeting an ending or a suffix — and there is none inside a single word. This is one of the few Korean sound rules that can see grammar.
Pronunciations, audio and example words from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.