Double 받침
- Words that do this
- 104
- Times it fires
- 396
- Standard
- 제10항, 제11항
- Predictable
- Yes
The rule
| Written | Said | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ㄳ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅄ | the front letter survives | 값 → 갑 |
| ㄵ ㄶ ㄼ ㅀ | the front letter survives | 앉다 → 안따 |
| ㄺ ㄻ | the back letter survives | 닭 → 닥, 삶 → 삼 |
Worked through
What is usually got wrong
The survivor is not predictable from the shape: ㄺ says its back letter and ㄼ says its front one, and they are written the same way round. These eleven have to be learnt as eleven.
Two of them have their own exceptions in the standard. 밟다 is 밥따 rather than 발따, against the rest of the ㄼ group, and ㄺ keeps its ㄹ when a ㄱ follows: 읽고 is 일꼬, not 익꼬. Both are in 제10항 and 제11항 as named exceptions rather than as things you are supposed to feel.
Examples
All 104 words on this site that do this
- 없다 업ː따 to have none
- 않는 안는 to not do something
- 앉다 안따 to sit, to sit down
- 삶 삼ː life
- 읽다 익따 to read
- 젊다 점ː따 to be young
- 넓다 널따 to be wide, large, broad
- 옮기다 옴기다 to move, to shift
- 잃는 일른 to lose
- 값 갑 price
- 짧다 짤따 short
- 까닭 까닥 reason, cause
- 맑다 막따 to be clear, clean, fresh
- 밝다 박따 to be bright
- 끊는 끈는 to cut, to sever
- 늙다 늑따 to grow old
- 흙 흑 earth
- 틀림없다 틀리멉따 to be certain, to be sure
- 몫 목 portion, share
- 밟다 밥ː따 to step on, to tread
- 굵다 국ː따 to be thick
- 낡다 낙따 to be worn out, old
- 붉다 북따 to be red
- 앓는 알른 to suffer from an illness
- 닮다 담ː따 to resemble, to look like
- 얹다 언따 to put on, place on top
- 끓는 끌른 to boil
- 닭 닥 chicken
- 삶다 삼ː따 to boil
- 주저앉다 주저안따 to sit down heavily
- 뚫는 뚤른 to pierce a hole through
- 가라앉다 가라안따 to sink
- 굶다 굼ː따 to skip (a meal), to starve
- 다름없다 다르멉따 to be no different from
- 얇다 얄ː따 to be thin
- 폭넓다 퐁널따 to be broad, extensive
- 상관없다 상과넙따 to be unrelated
- 끝없다 끄덥따 endless
- 넋 넉 soul, spirit
- 끊임없다 끄니멉따 incessant
- 여덟 여덜 eight
- 긁다 극따 to scratch, to scrape
- 어처구니없다 어처구니업따 be absurd, ridiculous, preposterous, ludicrous
- 재미없다 재미업따 boring
- 엷다 열ː따 thin
- 묽다 묵따 to be watery, thin, dilute
- 내려앉다 내려안따 to sink, to subside
- 뚫리다 뚤리다 to be pierced
- 기슭 기슥 foot of a mountain
- 꿇는 꿀른 to kneel
- 값싸다 갑싸다 cheap, low-priced
- 꿰뚫는 꿰ː뚤른 to pierce
- 쓸데없다 쓸떼업따 to be useless
- 걸터앉다 걸ː터안따 to sit on the edge, to perch
- 끼얹다 끼언따 to pour (on)
- 닭고기 닥꼬기 chicken meat
- 둘러앉다 둘러안따 to sit around
- 굶주리다 굼ː주리다 to starve, to go hungry
- 보잘것없다 보잘꺼덥따 to be worthless, valueless, useless
- 소용없다 소ː용업따 to be useless
- 싼값 싼갑 a low price
- 어이없다 어이업따 dumbfounding, ridiculous
- 얽매이다 엉매이다 to be bound
- 가엾다 가ː엽따 to be pitiful
- 값지다 갑찌다 valuable, of worth
- 닳는 달른 to wear down
- 훑다 훌따 to scan, to sweep over
- 그지없다 그지업따 boundless
- 형편없다 형펴넙따 terrible, awful (of a very poor quality)
- 핥다 할따 to lick
- 흙탕물 흑탕물 muddy water
- 드넓다 드널따 to be vast, wide
- 짓밟다 짇빱따 to trample on
- 관계없다 관계업따
- 넋두리 넉뚜리 a lengthy complaint
- 덧없다 더덥따 transient, fleeting. 무상하다
- 싫증 실쯩 disgust
- 진흙 진흑 mud
- 터무니없다 터무니업따 absurd, ridiculous, preposterous
- 값비싸다 갑삐싸다 expensive
- 들끓는 들끌른 to swarm, to be rampant
- 앎 암ː knowledge
- 굶주림 굼ː주림 hunger, starvation
- 버릇없다 버르덥따 ill-mannered, rude, impolite
- 힘없다 히멉따 to be weak
- 검붉다 검ː북따 to be dark red, blackish-red
- 부질없다 부지럽따 futile, vain
- 산기슭 산끼슥 foot
- 쓸모없다 쓸모업따 to be useless
- 암탉 암탁 hen
- 읊다 읍따 to recite
- 찰흙 찰흑 clay
- 넓적하다 넙쩌카다 to be wide and flat
- 맛없다 마덥따 not tasting good
- 곪다 곰ː따 to fester
- 빈틈없다 빈ː트멉따 to be thorough
- 반값 반ː갑 half price
- 변함없다 변ː하멉따 to be unchanged
- 정신없다 정시넙따 to be hectic
- 헐값 헐깝 lowness
- 아낌없다 아끼멉따 unstinting
- 떫다 떨ː따 to be astringent
- 읽기 일끼 reading
- 여덟째 여덜째 eighth
The other rules
Common questions
Why is 닭 pronounced 닥 but 닭이 pronounced 달기?
Before a pause there is nowhere for the ㄱ to go, so only one letter of ㄺ is said and it is the ㄱ: 닥. Before a vowel the ㄱ moves into the next block and the ㄹ stays behind, so both letters are heard: 달기. Same word, both letters real.
Is there a rule for which half of a double 받침 is said?
Not one you can derive. ㄺ and ㄻ keep the back letter, the other nine keep the front one, and 밟다 breaks its own group. The list is short enough to learn and the words containing them are few — 104 words on this site have one at all.
Pronunciations, audio and example words from the 국립국어원 한국어기초사전, used under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.